Quinoxalines as fungicides and bactericides

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to fungicidal and bactericidal compositions and to processes for combating fungi and bacteria with compounds of the formula:   WHEREIN R1 is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; R2 is chlorine, bromine or iodine; and n is 0 or 1.

United States Patent [19] Cox et al.

[451 Sept. 2, 1975 QUINOXALINES AS FUNGICIDES AND BACTERICIDES [75] Inventors: John Michael Cox; Roland Thomas Victor Fox, both of -Wokingham;

Raymond Alexander Burrell, Yateley, all of England [73] Assignee: Imperial Chemical ndustries Limited, London, England [22] Filed: Nov. 29, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 420,093

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 15, 1972 United Kingdom 57973/72 [52] U.S. Cl 424/250; 260/250 [51] Int. Cl. A0lN 9/00;AO1N 9/22 [58] Field of Search 260/250; 424/250 [56] References Cited 7 UNITED STATES PATENTS 6/1965 Hattori ct al. 424/250 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Chem. Abst. 48, ll427(b) (1954) Quinoxaline N-Oxides."

Chem. Abst. 53, l6l4l(h) (1959) Pyrazine Derivatives.

Chem. Abst. 53, lO24l(i) (1958) Prep. of 2,3 Dihydroxy Acid.

Attorney, Agent, or F irmCushman, Darby & Cushman [57 I ABSTRACT This inventionrelates to fungicidal and bactericidal compositions and to processes for combating fungi and bacteria with compounds of the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; R is chlorine, bromine or iodine; and n is O or 1.

7 Claims, No Drawings QUINOXALINES AS FUNGICIDES AND BACTERICIDES I i According to the present invention we provide a composition having anti-fungal and anti-bacterial prop- I erties comprising, as an active ingredient, a quinoxaline 5 derivative having the formula:

a t O N R O K 1 R2 1.

wherein R is hydrogen or chlorine or bromine, R is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n is O or 1, together The invention further provides a process for combatt with a carrier therefor. I IIii\ The preferred carrier is a solid diluent, or a liquid dilv uent containing a surface active agent. 5 N/ 1 ing fungi and bacteria, which comprises treating plants, seeds, harvested fruits or vegetables, infested with, or

liable to infestation with, fungi or bacteria, with a com- 1 position as defined above.

The term seeds" is intended to include propagative 6 plant forms generally and therefore includes, for exam- 1 ple, cut stems, corms, tubers, rhizomes and the like. 8

The invention further provides, as new compounds, a quinoxaline derivative having the structure:

i N B (2) 1 1 7- r Br i s All the above compounds are new except for Compound No. l. The invention therefore comprises, as

new specific quinoxaline derivatives, the compounds wherein is hydrogeniichiorine bromine and R2 is numbered 2 to 7 in Table I above. As active ingredients Chlorine,- bromine iOdiTle and is 0 of Provided in the invention compositions compounds Nos. 1 and that when n is 0 and R1 is hydrogen, R2 is'not chioi'ine- 4 are preferred. As a new quinoxaline derivative com The'invention includes, for example, the following 4 pound N 4 i f d; quin derivativesl i The compounds of this invention can be prepared, i for example, by any of the general procedures set out below, and these may be used singly or in combination: structural Formula a. The oxidation of a haloor di-halo-quinoxaline or I an N-oxide thereof, or partial reduction of a di-N- oxide.

b. The reaction of a quinoxaline di-N-oxide derivative with an acidic halide, for example HBr or HCl (in the presence of light), POCI SOCl PhSO Cl, or POBr to introduce halogen at the adjacent carbon atom with loss of the N-oxide function.

0. The diazotisation of an amino-substituted quinoxaline N-oxide derivative followed by replacement of the 6O diazo group by halogen.

These methods are illustrated by specific examples hereinafter set forth.

The compounds, and compositions containing them, are variously active against foliar-borne fungal diseases, and against the following diseases also:

TABLETI Compo und No.

Post-Harvest Fungal Diseases.

Seed and Soil-Borne Fungal Diseases t I Examples of Host crop Pyllu'um ullimum Peas Damping off I I v Phymphllmra cucmrum Soybeans Phytophthora Root Rot r PIrvmwp/Hlmm pulmimra Cocoa Cocoa Black Pod i Fusurium culmorum Wheat Brown Foot Rot Fuxarium m'vule Rye Foot Rot Gihberellu zc'ae Maize Foot Rot Hclminllwsporium .s'alivum Barley Foot Rot Hclminlliuxporium Oats Victoria Blight rivmriue Stplm'ia "0210mm Wheat Glume Blotch 'Axcoclrvia pisi Pea Leaf and Pod Spot Rhizvc'mniu SO/(llti Cotton Sore Shin St'lorolium rulfis'ii Peanuts Southern blight Fungal Disease Organism Examples of Name Host Crop(s) Bulrylix rulipue Bulbs Fire Nigmxpura .rp/uu'rica Bananas Squirter Plmmnpsis cirri Citrus Stern End Rot Allm'nuriu cilri Citrus Stem End Rot Ponicilliu'm zll'gimmm Citrus Green Mould Glzu'oxporium nmx an m Bananas Anthra ,Bolryuz'liplmlia tlwohrdlime Bananas Blackend Fusurium cucruleum Potato Dryrot Ceramcyxlis' purudoxa Sugarcane, Pineapple pineapple Disease Plmma t-xigml Potato Gangrene Diplvdia mlluh'ns'is Citrus Stem End Rot P/l \'I0])/l1/ll"'l| (ilI'up/lI/IOI'G Citrus Brown Rot Bacterial Diseases:

Bacterial Disease Organism Host Crop(s) Name Agrobazlerium lurm'fiiciens Nursery plants, crown gall vegetables Corylmbuclerium Tomato canker michinganenst' Xamlzonmnax HIll[\'(l(''l/'lllll Cotton blackarm Erwim'u caromvuru Vegetables soft rot XunI/mmonas orygue Rice blight Pseudonmnas Syringue Beans, Stone dieback fruit Slrt'pfOlllyCill .u'abl'tcs- Potato scab Psemlomonas nmrs-prmwrum Stone fruit canker Pxeudomonns pliaseolicolu Bean haloblight Erwinia umylvrora Apple, Pear firehlight US. Pat. No. 3,4513 65 discloses that the broad class of quinoxaline compounds having the structure:

and N-oxidesther'eof, wherein R to R are inter alia, 50

hydrogen or" halogen (a wide; range otsubstituents being recited) are useful fungicides, The preferred (and claimed) compounds, however, all bear from-3 to 4 halogen atoms as substituents on the benzene ring portion of the'molecule; that is to say at least three 01:

R to R are halogen, especially chlorine, atoms.

There are no examples of compounds wherein R 'to R are all hydrogen and we havenow found, as will be evidenced hereinafter, that compounds of this narrow type which are N oxides and wherein R and R have thevalues recited earlier are. surprisingly and remarkably more effective fungicides having, in addition, the further utility of combating bacterial diseases of plants and post-harvest fungi. More particularly the compositions and compounds of the presentinvention are also 5 soil fungicides, whereas the earlier compounds are foliar fungicides. This change in breadth of activity is surprising and remarkable.

The compositions of the invention may be in the form of dusting powders or granules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with a solid diluent or carrier.

- .Suitable diluents or carriers may be, for example, ka-

olin, bentonite, kieselguhr, dolomite, calcium carbonate,*talc, powdered magnesia, Fullers earth, gypsum, Hewittfs earth, diatomaceous earth and China clay. Compositions for dressing seed, for example, may ,com-. 7

prise an agent assisting the adhesion of the composition to, the seed, for example a mineral oil..

The compositions may also be in the form of dispersible powders or grains comprising, in addition to the active ingredient, a wetting agent to facilitate the dispersion of the powder or grains in liquids. Such powders,

or grains may include fillers, suspending agents and the like. i

1 I The compositions may also be in the form of liquid salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid, for example sodium lauryl sulphate, salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds, for example sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium, calcium or ammonium ligno sulphonate, butyl-naphthal e'ne sulphonate, and amixture of the sodium salts of diisopropyland triisopropylnaphthalene sulphonic acids. Suitable agents of the non-ionic type include, for example, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol orcetyl alcohol, or'withalltyl phenols such as octylphenol, rionylphenol andbctylcres61. v Other non-ionic agents are the partial esters derived mixture so obtained to water which may likewise contance to rain on treated surfaces, the different composi-. tions can be better adapted for the various uses for which they are intended. I

The compound may also be conveniently formulated by admixing it with fertilizers. A preferred composition of this type comprisesgranules of fertilizer material incorporating an invention compound. The fertilizer material may, for example, comprise nitrogen, or phosphate-containing substances.

The compositions which are to be used in the form of aqueous dispersions or emulsions are generally supplied in the form of a concentrate containing a high proportion of the activeringre'dient, the'saidconcentrate to be diluted with water before use.

The concentrates are often required to withstand storage for prolonged periods and after such storage, to be capable of dilution with water in order to form aqueous preparations which remain homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied by conventional spray equipment.

The concentrates may conveniently contain from -85% and generally from -60% by weight of the active ingredient. When diluted to form aqueous preparations, such preparations may contain varying amounts of the active ingredient depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used, but an aqueous preparation containing between 0.01% and 10% by weight of active ingredient may be used.

It is to be understood that the "fungicidal compositions of this invention may comprise one or more other compounds having biological activity. Thus, to broaden the spectrum of fungicidal activity the invention com positions may comprise a fungicidal substance in addition to the active quinoxaline derivative. Thus the compounds having the 'British Standard common names metazoxolon, drazoxolon, thiram, maneb and captan.

The invention is illustrated by the following Examples, in which temperatures expressed in degrees are unless otherwise stated, in degrees centrigrade. Thus by 55, for example, is'intended 55C.

. EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- chloroquinoxaline l-oxide, having the structural formula:

Thionyl chloride 174g.) was added dropwise, ove: 'minutes'to a gently refluxing mixture of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (170g), dimethylformamide (4.25 ml.:

and dichloromethane (1700 ml.). Heating was contin tied for a further 20 hours, water 1 ml.) added and the mixture cooled in an ice-bath for 2 hours. The solid wa: filtered off, sucked dry and stirred vigorously witl' water (31.) for one hour. The solid produced was filtered and dried to give the title compound g., m.p

. Thecompound of this example can also be prepared by treating o'-phenylene diamine with glyoxal, oxidising the product with subsequent removal of water if necessary, and treating thequinoxaline l,4-dioxide, so obtained, in situ with thionyl chloride as described above EXAMPLE 2 t This example illustrates the preparation of 2' chloroquinoxaline l-oxide by an alternative procedure to that described in Example 1. Quinoxaline 1,4-

'dioxide (40 .g.) was added portionwise to benzene sulphonyl chloride (200 ml., preheated to 55) at such 2 rate that the temperature remained between 55 and 60. The mixture was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature and the resultant solid filtered off and washed well with acetone. A suspension of this material in water ml.) was treated firstly with a solution 01 potassium bicarbonate (40 g.) in water (200 ml.), then acetone (400 ml.) and pyridine (1 ml.). The mixture was stirred until dissolution was complete then the acetone was removed invacuo. 2-Chloroquinoxaline loxide (23.7 g.) was filtered, dried and recrystallized from isopropanol to give material m.p. 1 121 15.

EXAMPLE 3 This example illustrates the preparation of 2 chloroquinoxaline l-oxide by an alternative procedure to those described in Examples 1 and 2. A solutiono:

sodium nitrite (150mg) in water (2 ml.) was addec dropwise at 0 5 to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2 aminoquinoxaline' l-oxide (320 mg.), sodium chloride (260 mg). Recrystallization from isopropanol gave material m.p. ll31 15.

The compound was similarly prepared using sulphuric' acid in place of hydrochloric acid.

EXAMPLE 4 This example illustrates the preparation of '2- chloroquinoxaline l-oxide by an alternative procedure to those described in Examples 1, 2 and 3. A solution of sodium nitrite (2.8 g.) in water (6 ml.) was added dropwise at 5 to a solution of 2-aminoquinoxaline l.- oxide (can be prepared as described in Chemical Abstracts (C.A.) Vol. 59 12807 e and Vol. 68 ll4549u) (6.44 g.) in 40% fluoboric acid (30 ml.). The yellow precipitate was immediately filtered, washed with cold tetrahydrofuran, then cold ether and dried to give quinoxaline l-oxide 2-diazonium tetrafluoroborate (8.6 g.). The diazonium salt (255 mg.) was added at to a stirred mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid 1 ml.) and dichloromethane ml. After thirty minutes, the organic layer was washed, dried and evaporated to give 2-chloroquinoxaline l-oxide l75 mg). Recrystallization from isopropanol gave material m.p. l l2l 14.

EXAMPLE 5 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- chloroquinoxaline l-oxide by an alternative procedure to those described in Examples 1-4. A solution of quinoxaline 1,4dioxide (4.0g.) in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid (400 ml.) was irradiated either with a uv lamp or with sunlight until all the starting material had been consumed. Extraction with vdichloromethane gave a mixture from which the title compound (1.5 g., m.p. l12-l 14) was extracted by chromatography.

EXAMPLE 6 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- bromoquinoxaline l-oxide, having the structural formula:

Quinoxaline l-oxide 2-diazonium tetrafluoroborate (8.6 g., prepared as described in Examplefl4)was added portionwise at 5 to a mixture of concentrated hydrobromic acid (39 ml), water (100 ml.) dichloromethane (200 ml. The mixture ,was stirred for 30 minutes and the organiclayer washed, dried and evaporated to give the title compound (5.8 g., r nLp. 9698").

8. Recrystallization from cyclohexane gave material m.p. 100.

EXAMPLE 7 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- brorrloquinoxaline l-oxide by an alternative procedure to that described in Example 6. A solution of quioxaline 1,4-dioxide (4.0g.) in 0.5N hydrobromic acid (500 ml.) was allowed to stand in sunlight for 2 weeks. Extraction with dichlorornethane gave a mixture from which 2-bromoquinoxaline l-oxide (l.2g., mp. 10 l2) was recovered by chromatography.

EXAMPLE 8 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- iodoquinoxaline l-oxide having the structural formula:

g.). The title compound (0.6 g'., m.p. 145-7) was isolated by chromatography and recrystallization from cyclohexane.

EXAMPLE 9 This example illustrates the preparation of 2,3- dichloroquinoxaline l,4-dioxide having the structural formula:

' A solution of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline 20.0 g.) in mtluoroaceticacid ml.), was cooled in ice and zation from acetonitrile gave the title compound (7.57g.), m.p. 226227.

EXAMPLE This example illustrates the preparation of 2- chloroquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide having the structural formula:

EXAMPLE 1 1 This example illustrates the preparation of 2- chloroquinoxaline l,4-dioxide by an alternative procedure to that described in Example 10. A solution of sodium nitrite (0.2g.) in water (1 ml.) was added dropwise below 5 to a stirred mixture of 2- aminoquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (0.44 g.), sodium chlo-' ride (0.5 g.), concentrated hydrochloric acid (3 ml.) and water (5 ml.). After one hour the mixture was extracted with chloroform to give a solid (100 mg). The residue after four extractions of this material with boiling cyclohexane was shown to be the title compound (40 mg., m.p. l89l90).

EXAMPLE 1 2 This example illustrates the preparation of 2,3- dichloroquinoxaline l-oxide having the structural formula: i

oxychloride (20 ml.) was heated at for 3 minutes. The exothermic reaction was allowed to subside and heating continued for a further two minutes. The mixture was allowed to cool somewhat, then poured in a thin stream into well-stirred ice-water. The precipitate was dried and recrystallized from methanol to give the title compound (1.60 g.), m.p. l38-l39.

EXAMPLE 13 This example illustrates the preparation of 2,3 dibromoquinoxaline 1,4 -dioxide having the structural formula:

0 k Br A suspension of 2,3 dibromoquinoxaline (2.8 g.) in trifluoroacetic acid (10 ml.), was cooled in ice and treated with hydrogen peroxide 1.1 ml.). The mixture was stirred in the ice bath for 1 hour and in a waterbath for 16 hours. Water (45 ml.) was added, the mixture was filtered and the solid was shaken with a large volume of chloroform and a little water. The mixture was filtered, the cake was washed well with chloroform and water and the two layers were separated.

The chloroform layer was washed and dried, evaporated and recrystallized from acetonitrile to give the title compound 0.73 g. m.p. 189 (decomp).

EXAMPLE 14 This example illustrates an atomisable fluid comprising a mixture consisting of 25% by weight of Compound No. l of Table I and 75% by weight of xylene.

EXAMPLE 15 This example illustrates a dusting powder which may be applied directly to plants or other surfaces and comprises l% by weight of Compound No. 4 of Table I and 99% by weight of talc.

EXAMPLE 1 6 25 Parts by weight of the product described in Example l, 65 parts by weight of xylene, and 10 parts of an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol (Triton X-lOO; Triton is a Trade Mark) were mixed in a suitable mixer. There was thus obtained an emulsion concentrate which can be mixed with water to produce an emulsion suitable for use in agriculture application.

EXAMPLE 1 7 5 Parts by weight of Compound No. 4 of Table [were thoroughly mixed in a suitable mixer with parts by weight of talc. There was thus obtained a dusting'powder.

EXAMPLE 1 8 This example illustrates a concentrated liquid formu lation in the form of an emulsion. The ingredients listed below ere mixed together in the stated proportions and the whole stirred until the constituents were dispersed.

Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate I 3 I EXAMPLE 23 I A n a qIueous dispersion formulationlwasprepared; by mixingand'grinding the ingredients recited below in the proportions stated, I

Ethylene dichloride I v 45 5 Aromasor' H (AromasoP is a Trade Mark) l5v wt. f2$$fiiii2ifi2l T8 I EXAMPLE 19 i g P2 1 50 The ingredients listed below were ground together in 100% the proportions stated to produce a powdered mixture readily dispersible in liquid. I

The following constitutes an explanation of the compositions or substances represented by the various wt. Trade Marks and Trade Names referred to in the fore- 9 P f i 50 going Examples. I gf zz gg Dlspersol aTrade Mark) 2 LUBROL L is a condensate of 1 mole of nonyl 100% phenol with 13 molar proportions of ethylene oxide. v I

AROMASOL H is asolvent mixture of alkylbenzenes I EXAMPLE 20 YDISPERSOL T is a mixture of sodium sulphate and i I a condensate of formaldehyde with the sodiumsalt I A compositionln the form of grams readily dispersof naphthalene sulphonic acid I I II I i a hquld (fmexamPle water) ig f by v LlSSAlOLiNXis a condensate of 1 mole of nonyl grinding together, the first four of the ingredients listed phen with 8 m 01 es Iof ethylene OXideI below in the presence of water and then the sodium ac- R 100 i an alkyl aryl polyether. alcohol. etate was I mixed in. The admixture was dried and passed through a British Standard mesh sieve, size 44 I t v i 100 to obtain thedesired size of grains. EXAMPLE The compounds of this invention were tested against 5' a variety of foliar fungal diseases of plants. The techwt niq ue employed is to spray the foliage of the undiseased Compound No, 4 (Table l) 50 plants with a solution of the test compound and also to gl gf s g 2- drench the soil in which the plants are growing with an- Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate 2, other solution of the same test compound. All solutions SOdium acetate 20 for spraying contained 0.01% of the test compound. All 100 the soildrench solutions also contained 0.01% of the test compound, .The plants werethen infected with the diseas'eit wasdesired to control and after a period of v A I I days, depending upon the particular disease, the extent A composition suitable for use as a seed dressing was of the" disease was visually assessed. The vresults are prepared by mixing all three of the ingredients set out given in Table III below, wherein the extent of the disbelow in the proportions stated I ease is given in the form of a grading as follows: 1

' 5O v wt. Grading Percentage Amount of Disease Compound No. 4 (Table l) v so Mineral on Y 2 0 61 10 100 China Clay I8 I g g 22 I EXAMPLE 22 A granular composition was prepared by dissolving in Table II, the disease is given in the first column, and the active ingredient in a solvent, spraying the solution m the f gwen the whlch elapsed obtained onto the granules of pumice and allowing the a between mfectmg the plants and assessmg the amount solvent to evaporate. of disease TABLE II v Disease and Time interval Disease code letter Compound No. 4 (Table l) 5 Pl t I I (days) (Table IV) Pumice Granules a Phylophlhorq in festanrr 4 A TABLE II-Continued Disease and Time interval Disease code letter Compositions according to the invention were made up and tested against various soil-borne fungal diseases, and the procedure used in these tests, and the results obtained in each of them, are shown hereinafter. The compounds tested were those numbered 1 to 6 of Table I above and the compound 5, 6, 7, 8 tetrachloroquinoxaline was similarly tested. This compound is the active constituent of the product having the Trade Name Lucel and has the British Standard common name of chloroquinox.

Test against Pythium ullimum Procedure.

Approximately .1 gram portions of culture of Pythr'um ultimum maintained on 2% malt agar test tube slopes at 20C are transferred to about 400 grams of sterilized soil containing maize meal in a half pint bottle. After 10 to 14 days the inoculated soil is mixed with sterile John Innes seed compost at a rate of 2 bottles to 3 /2 buckets of 2 gallons capacity.

The mixture is moistened and covered and after three days is used as follows. Approximately 100 grams of the mixture is placed into a fibre pot and 10 pea seeds coated 2 days beforehand with chemical under test at the rate of 1000 ppm. are sprinkled on the surface of the soil. Another 100 grams of the mixed soil is then placed on top of the seeds and the pot is kept in the greenhouse at between 16C and 22C. A first count of emergent seedlings is made after 10 days and another week is allowed to lapse before a second visual assessment takes place by pulling the seedlings up and inspecting their roots. Six replicates are conducted and observations are made of the number of healthy seedlings and the number of unhealthy seedlings. The number of ungerminated seeds is 10 less the number of emergent seedlings. Controls wherein untreated seed is used, and also standards wherein seed treated with thiram are used, are simultaneously carried out. Calculations are then made whereby a grading is obtained for disease control.

Test against F usarium culmorum Procedure In the test John Innes seedling compost is admixed with a culture of Fusarium culmorum grown on an admixture of soil and cornmeal and the entire mixture then enclosed in a suitable container and incubated in the glasshouse for 48 hours. 7 Theincubated soil is placed in pots; then wheat seeds (20 per pot) treated with china clay compositions containing the invention compound in concentration of 1000 parts per million are sown in the pots. Seeds treated with AGROSAN (Trade Mark) mercury seed dressing are used as a standard. Counts of the seedlings emergent 10 days after sowing are taken and the results converted to a percentage .of the seeds sown. Disease assessments are made 16 days after sowing.

Test against Rhizoctonia solani Procedure.

In the test an inoculum of Rhizoctonia solam' is added to a partially sterilized loam soil, to provide the latter with a 1% w/w content of the inoculum. The loam soil is then allowed to stand for one week so as to be completely colonised by the fungus. The compound is then admixed with the loam soil at a rate of parts per million by weight of soil. After standing for four days to allow the chemical to take effect plastic pots are half-filled with untreated, partially sterilized, loam soil and cotton seeds sown on the surface thereof, whereafter the pots are topped up with the chemically treated, infected loam soil. A control experiment is conducted with P C N B (pentachloronitrobenzene). The pots are then inspected and assessed 14 days later for disease.

The results of the three foregoing tests are expressed as follows:

Grading means not tested LUCEL is a registered Trade Mark, It comprises, as active ingredient, 5,6,7,8-tetrachloroquinoxaline (B.S. common name Chlorquinox).

EXAMPLE 26 The activity of compounds Nos. 1 to 6 of Table 1 against a wide variety of plant bacterial diseases and fungal post-harvest saprophytic diseases was investigated by invitro tests as follows. 5 mg. of the compound under test was dissolved or suspended in 10 cc of 10% aqueous acetone and 2 cc. of this solution or suspension was added to 18 cc. of nutrient agar (for the bacterial diseases) or 16 cc of 2% malt agar (for the fungal diseases) to give a final concentration of 50 parts per million of the compound under test. 2 cc; of a streptomycin preparation containing 100 units/cc. was added to the malt agar to prevent bacterial contamination o r The above results demonstrate with great clarity the surprisingly useful bactericidal activity of fungicidal compositions according to the present invention in comparison with the complete inactivity of the comthe fungal testspound 5,6,7,S-tetrachloroquinoxaline (B.S. common The agar preparations were dried overnight in petri name chlorquinox) dishes and inoculate'd the fonpwing f w the A number of in vivo tests were carried out against bactenal or .fungal multlpomt mocula' various other bacterial diseases of plants and the details tor. The antibacterial activity was assessed after 5 days of how these tests were conducted, and the results and the annfungal acm'lty after 6 y I 10 tained, are set out in the Examples below.

The tests were conducted alongside similar tests using 5,6,7,S-tetrachloroquinoxaline (chloroquinox) as E P 7 the actwe compound Dwarf French Bean seeds were infected with Pseudom results of tests are set out below m Table monas phaseolicola (haloblight of beans) by soaking for (antlbactenal actwlty) and Table (annfungal actw' 6 hours in an 18 hour old nutrient broth shake culture liesuhs are graded F P l The names of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. The seeds were then airf glseasetorlgamsms are mdlcated m Table dried to constant weight of 25C. The seeds were then 1 9 f i l dressed with a seed dressing containing 100 parts per g s f 20 million of Compound No. l of Table l. The seeds were 3 m l t C t 1 then planted in sterile compost. After 2 weeks the cono p e e on to dition of the emerged seedlings was assessed and they TABLE V were found to be com letel free from infection.

7 P y An identical test using as active ingredient the com- Bacterial Disease Code vFungal Disease Code pound tetrachloroquinoxaline (LUCEL) gave only a Orgamsm Table 3 Table 4 very slight control of the disease at a rate of 1000 parts Agrabacreri'um Bl Nigrospora Fl per million. Iumifaciens sp/iaeri'ca C0r \'nebac'!erium B2 Phytdphlhora F2 EXAMPLE 28 michiganense cilrophlhora Emmi B3 I 'W' F3 30 This example illustrates the use of the invention com- (I I! xmn/wmwm mine 34 DiPIUdia F4 pound to control the disease Xanthomonas malq I vacearum (black arm) on cotton. Cotton seeds were- ZZZZZZ B5 Phompm am F5 soaked for'24 hours in a 10" cells per millilitre suspen- Cemllivqvslis F6 sion of 18 hour old bacteria and then dried. The seeds g zi zx F 35 were then dressed-with a formulation containing the s r Compound No. l of Table [dispersed n Kaolin con- F8 taining 2% mineral oil. The concentration of the active Plmml exigua F9 compound was 12%by weight and the seed dressing 7 was applied at the rate of 1000 parts of active comtlieobron fae 40 pound per million pans of seeds. Five seeds were then Flsarilm' F12 planted per pot in 2 inch diameter pots, replicated four caeruleum times. Emergence of the seedlings and disease control was assessed fourteen days' later after keeping the TABLE VI plants in a relative humidity of 100%. It was found that substantial control of the disease was obtained repre- C d Di C 2 I senting a grading of 2 on a grading scale of from 0 to ompou B1 g? 3 where 0 represents non-germinated seeds and wholly infected seedlings and 3 represents germinated seeds jf 'j s fig 0 0 O 0 O and disease-free seedlings; When repeated with tetra- Compound No. l 3 2 2 2 2 5o chloroq'uinoxaline a grading of O was obtained in this Compound No. 2 2 0 i 0 1 l 2 s Compound No. 3 3 0 O l l 2 Compound No. 4 3 3 3 3 r 3 Compound No. 5 3 3 O 3 3 EXAMPLE 29 N Compound 6 2 2 3 0 This example illustrates the results obtained from a -means no test was carried out paint film fungicide experiment.

TABLE vii Compound Disease Code (Table 2) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 Fi| F12 tetrachloroquinoxalinc O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 Compound No. l 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Compound No. 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Compound No. 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Compound No. 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Y 3 3 3 Compound No. 6 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ent. (The word DULUX is a Trade Mark). 5

Paint containing the test chemical was applied to one side of a filter paper and a second coat of paint was applied to the same side after a 24 hour drying period. The painted filter paper was transferred intoa Petri dish containing malt agar (painted side uppermost) and the filter paper and surrounding zone of malt agar was sprayed witha suspension of either Pullularia pullulans or Alternaria tenuis. The inoculated Petri dishes were incubated for days at C and examined for fungal growth. A chemical treatment was considered to be effective if it prevented the formation of confluent fungal growth on the paint film.

lial growth and 3 being complete inhibition. The compound scored gradings as shown in Table VIII below.

Disease Code Disease Code Letter Letter Pyrhium uI/imum A Sepmria lwdorum H Plrvtophthora B Axcochyta pisi I palmivora Plrvtophllwm C Rhizoctonia J caclorum solani Fusarium culnzorum D Sclerotium K mlfsii Fusarium nivale E Helminthoxporium vicloriae Gibberella zeae F Helminlhoxporium G :an'vum' TABLE VIII Compound No. Disease Code Letter (Table I above) A B C D E F G H I J K L means no test was carried out EXAMPLE 31 The 100 gram quantities of paints containing chemical treatments which were found to be effective in the above mentioned experiment were maintained at 50C for 2 weeks in an oven as an accelerated storage test.

After storage the paints were applied to filter paper and again tested in the above-mentioned manner. Treated paints which were still active were again applied to filter papers and subjected to a weathering treatment consistingof a 24 hour leaching period followed by a 24 hour heat treatment in an oven at 65C.

5 compound No. 4 of Table I and with a mercury type compound and then sown in pots. The percentage number of plants which emerged from the seeds and the percentage number of healthy plants was assessed four The antifungal activity of the weathered paint films was to five weeks after the Seeds were P then determined.

The results are expressed in Table IX below.

TABLE IX Disease Compound Rate Fusurium Seploria Helmimhosporium Helminllmrporium ppm nivale nodorum A venue vicmriae E E H E Compound No. 4 500 77 73 61 83 73 97 95 of Table I Mercury type 25 74 67 59 79 59 66 47 Compound Control 73 32 75 45 48 30 E Percentage Number which emerged H Percentage number of healthy plants The compound No. l of Table I was found to r ta n The superiority of the invention compound is clearly its activity after the storage and weathering treatments being active at 1000 ppm against 'Pullularia pullulans and Alternaria tenuis EXAMPLE 30 The compounds of the invention were also tested in vitro against the fungal diseases listed below. For this test the chemical is incorporated into potato dextrose agar, usually at 100 ppm. A disc of aganinfected with the growing mycelium of thetest fungus, is placed on the surface of the chemically treated agar and the plates are incubated for approximately 5 days. Activity is scored on a scale 0-3, 0 being no inhibition of myceapparent over a mercury type compound. As is well known the latter type of compound has disadvantages in the environment.

EXAMPLE 32 This example illustrates the activity of compound No. 4 of Table I against the disease Tilletia caries (bunt of wheat).

Capelle wheat seed was artificially inoculated with 0.5% bunt spores (based on the weight of seed) then dressed with the chemical under test sown in six replicate rows (200 seeds per row) in soil in the open air.

19 I I, v I The number of diseased ears was assessed 9 months later and expressed in Table X belowas a percentage of the total.

. 5 K L I, TABLE x g H Compound No. Rate of Application Percentage I (p.p.m.) Number of 8 4. A method of combattmg fungi and bacteria WhlCh No. 4ofTablel 500 3 comprises treating plants, seeds, harvested fruits or Comm vegetables subject to' infestation with, fungi and bacteria, with a fungicidally or bactericidally effective We claim: amountof a quinoxaline derivative of the formula 1. A pesticidal composition having anti-fungal and v l5 anti-bacterial properties comprising, as the active'im g (o) n I gredient, a fungicidally or bactericidally effective 1 f g I 1 amount of a quinoxaline derivative of the formula: R

(gi R N R1 L 2 l b/ v wherein R is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; R is 2 chlorine, bromine or iodine; and n is O or 1.

. 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the active ingredient is a compound having the formula:

wherein R is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine; R is chlorine, bromine or iodine; and n is O orl; together with a major amount of a carrier for the active ingredient, the carrier being a solid diluent, or a liquiddiluent containing a surface active agent. I

2. A composition having anti-fungal properties com: prising, as the active ingredient, a fungicidally orbacteof the compound having the formula: ricidally effective amount of the compound having the I i v structure: v A i i f? 40 cl 5 I 1 cl 1 4 r 0 1 1 6. A method according to claim 4 wherein the active 0 ingredient is the compound having the formula:

O or the compound having the structure: j g I I I 1 7. A method accordingto claim 4 wherein the active v 0 ingredient is the compound having the formula:

together with a major amount of a carrier therefor, the 5 carrier being a solid diluent, or a liquid diluent contain-, ing a surface active agent. 1

3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the active ingredient is a compound having the formula: 

1. A PESTICIDAL COMPOSITION HAVING ANTI-FUNGAL AND ANTI-BACTERIAL PROPERTIES COMPRISING, AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT, A FUNGICIDALLY OR BACTERICIDALLY EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVE OF THE FORMULA:
 2. A composition having anti-fungal properties comprising, as the active ingredient, a fungicidally or bactericidally effective amount of the compound having the structure:
 3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the active ingredient is a compound having the formula:
 4. A method of combatting fungi and bacteria which comprises treating plants, seeds, harvested fruits or vegetables subject to infestation with, fungi and bacteria, with a fungicidally or bactericidally effective amount of a quinoxaline derivative of the formula
 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the active ingredient is a compound having the formula:
 6. A method according to claim 4 wherein the active ingredient is the compound having the formula:
 7. A method according tO claim 4 wherein the active ingredient is the compound having the formula: 